Not at the moment.
The macroprocessor does text expansion within the preprocessor and thus does not have direct access to the matlab workspace.
However, I say not at the moment, because it would be possible to add this functionality. In essence, you would pass the matlab variable of your choice at the dynare command line using the -D switch. At the current time, this does not work with the @#include macro command as it’s expecting a quoted string. This could be changed, and I’ll add it to our long to do list and it might just be done in the next version of dynare. It also might not. So, in the meanwhile, you’ll have to hard code these strings.